YeEun Kim

Myounghyun Lee Yeeun Kim Yire Han Wonjoo Jin Kwanyong Seo First published: 21 November 2025

Impedance biosensors are manufactured on glass slides using a semiconductor process to monitor cell growth and cell–drug reactions in real time, and the results are compared with biological assay results to confirm the validity of impedance measurement method.

Results: Thirty-three studies comprising 3443 participants were included, representing 32 interventions. Most were randomized controlled trials (n=30, 91%). Interventions were delivered primarily via mobile apps (11/32, 34%) and wearable devices (8/32, 25%), followed by web-based platforms, videoconferencing, exergaming, and augmented reality. Eighteen interventions (reported in 19 studies) demonstrated statistically significant between-group CRF reductions, predominantly at immediate postintervention assessments. Evidence for sustained benefit beyond 12 months was limited, and only one study evaluated ultra-long-term outcomes, which did not demonstrate maintained improvement. Populations with breast cancer accounted for the largest proportion of participants. Fatigue measurement tools varied substantially, potentially contributing to heterogeneity in effect estimates. Most interventions were classified as ESF tier C, indicating a predominant focus on clinical outcome improvement rather than individual-level self-management and system-level implementation. Wearable device-based interventions showed the highest proportion of significant CRF improvement, whereas mobile app–based interventions reported both significant and nonsignificant results. DHIs lasting more than 12 weeks appeared to be associated with more effective CRF outcomes compared to shorter programs. Direct comparisons between in-person and digital delivery were scarce.

Integrating H2O2 electrosynthesis with anodic upgrading provides a pathway to spontaneous (electricity-free) operation.Here we investigate interfacial kinetic bottlenecks, especially on the anode, and identify factors that hinder the achievement of industrial-scale current densities. We use high-speed imagin

Reliable ICU mortality prediction requires capturing physiologic evolution over time and interpreting these patterns in clinically meaningful ways.