John T.

In the originally published version of this chapter, the complete set of authors and their corresponding affiliations was inadvertently omitted due to a production error,which has now been included. The chapter has been updated with the changes.

Darwin’s Naturalization Conundrum holds that both functional similarity and distinctiveness can facilitate biological invasions: invaders similar t...

Political debate concerning moralized issues is increasingly common in online social networks. However, moral psychology has yet to incorporate the...

The global management of tuberculosis (TB) is limited by the infrastructure requirements of current molecular diagnostics and the logistical burdens of sputum-based testing. While isothermal nucleic acid amplification provides a decentralized alternative, its clinical utility is often limited by amplicon carryover contamination and complex multi-step protocols. In this study we developed a fully integrated, “one-pot” biplex assay that couples recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)‑associated protein Cas12a-mediated trans-cleavage within a single, homogeneous reaction. This single-pot chemistry that targets the IS1081 and IS6110 genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis eliminates the need for post-amplification handling, addressing a primary failure mode of decentralized testing, while maintaining an analytical sensitivity of 1.1 genomes per 15-µL reaction. The assay delivers sample-to-result within 30 min, with no observed cross-reactivity with common nontuberculous mycobacteria and respiratory pathogens. We further validated the system using clinical tongue swab samples, a non-invasive sampling method recently recognized by the World Health Organization to improve diagnostic yield in sputum-scarce populations. Our results demonstrate that this one-pot RPA-Cas12a system provides a sensitive, specific, and practical solution for point-of-care TB diagnosis, offering a viable alternative to traditional laboratory-based methods.

Objectives Autistic children with intellectual disability (ID) are at elevated risk for anxiety, yet cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) programs are infrequently adapted for this population. This study provides a preliminary examination if the Building Confidence program can be adapted for an autistic child with limited verbal ability and co-occurring anxiety. A secondary aim was to assess program feasibility for the family and the impact of the treatment adaptations. Methods This study employed a single-case AB design with multiple concurrently measured target behaviors with an 11-year-old autistic boy with intellectual disability. Treatment consisted of 16 bi-weekly CBT sessions with autism-informed adaptations, including visual supports, simplified cognitive strategies, and preferred interests. Anxiety-related behaviors were assessed across baseline and intervention phases using individualized parent ratings on the Youth Top Problems (YTP) scale and the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS). Results Visual inspection and statistical analysis suggested a reduction in anxiety-related behaviors during the intervention phase (YTP1 d = 1.72, YTP2 d = 1.63, YTP3 d = 3.24). However, given the AB design with multiple concurrently measured target behaviors, a brief baseline phase, and a single participant, the findings should be interpreted as preliminary and descriptive rather than as demonstrating a functional relation between the intervention and outcomes. Conclusions This preliminary case study suggests that CBT may be feasibly adapted for autistic youth with intellectual disability using developmentally tailored supports such as visual aids, simplified coping strategies, and preferred interests.

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) such as leukoplakia and erythroplakia may harbor dysplasia or progress to oral squamous cell

Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are ubiquitous mobile genetic elements present as “genomic islands” within bacterial chromosomes. Symbi...

Human-caused climate change drove large decreases in snowpack and streamflow as well as increases in irrigation demand in the western US (2014-2024), with roughly half attributable to the Carbon Majors, according to a study applying a source-to-impact attribution approach.

Cytoplasmic dynein drives minus-end-directed motility along microtubules by converting ATP hydrolysis into coordinated structural changes but how

Features of nascent RNA profiles such as transcriptional directionality at active promoters and enhancers encode rich information. Here, authors show that unidirectional elements differ from divergent ones in architecture, evolution, and function, revealing contributors of transcriptional directionality.